Answer courtesy of Todd Hoeksema, solar physicist, Stanford University:
The origin of creation is a widely discussed topic in both scientific
and religious circles. It can be hard to reconcile 'scientific' and
'religious' answers to some questions. I don't think that science and
religion have to be in conflict. Certainly God and the universe are
not - who's in charge, after all?
Genesis 1 says that God created the universe. Genesis does not provide
all the details of how it was done. Scientists try to understand how
things happen in the world as we observe it. The Big Bang theory* is
people's attempt to put together all of the evidence we have from the
physical universe to explain what we observe. For example, we detect
radiation of a certain temperature coming nearly uniformly from every
direction in space. This fact fits into the picture that at some time
in the past the universe actually had a beginning.
And, all the galaxies we have observed are moving away from us, and each other,
which implies that they were once closer together.
The current ratio of hydrogen to helium, the two simplest atoms, is exactly what
is predicted by the Big Bang concept.
These are just several of
many, many pieces of evidence that are explained by the Big Bang
theory. The theory of evolution is similar - it is an attempt to
explain the physical world based on the evidence we have.
Scientific theories are not absolute, nor are they complete. Theories
are always tentative to a certain degree. One never knows what new
thing might discovered tomorrow. Theories change when they conflict with
facts. Scientific theories are constantly being extended and improved to explain
more facts. Sometimes this takes a lot of time. Anomalous facts are
often treated very skeptically, particularly if people have a lot of
confidence in the theory. But scientists take facts very seriously and
will abandon a theory if it doesn't explain the facts. The search for
things that don't fit the theory is a real motivation for those of us
who make observations. One scientist said that an observation that
matches expectations is just a measurement, but an observation that
cannot be explained is a discovery.
On the other hand theories are not arbitrary. They are more than just
arbitrary guesses about what might happen. They have real predictive and
explanatory power. The Big Bang theory makes a real and verifiable
prediction about how much hydrogen and helium there are in the universe.
Any new theory would have to explain this too. Theories provide
understanding of how the universe works.
Occam's razor doesn't really help in this case, does it? It isn't really
a question of believing that God created the universe *or* believing
the Big Bang theory. Nor is it really a question of purpose *versus*
chance. You might say that God maintains the whole universe through his
providence and that He keeps the stars and planets in their places. That
doesn't conflict with general relativity and the theory of gravity that
explains why the Earth orbits the Sun in a year and why the Sun and
solar system together orbit the center of our galaxy every 250 million
years or so.
The American Scientific Affiliation is a group of Christians who are
scientists. They have a web site you might be interested in:
http://www.asa3.org/